CLP1
Description
The CLP1 (cleavage factor polyribonucleotide kinase subunit 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 11.
CLP1 is a polynucleotide kinase that can phosphorylate the 5'-hydroxyl groups of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and double-stranded DNA:RNA hybrids. dsRNA is phosphorylated more efficiently than dsDNA, and the RNA component of a DNA:RNA hybrid is phosphorylated more efficiently than the DNA component. CLP1 plays a key role in both tRNA splicing and mRNA 3'-end formation. As part of the tRNA splicing endonuclease complex, CLP1 phosphorylates the 5'-terminus of the tRNA 3'-exon during tRNA splicing, which is essential for the subsequent ligation of the two exon halves and the production of a mature tRNA (PubMed:24766809, PubMed:24766810). This role in tRNA splicing and maturation is required for cerebellar development (PubMed:24766809, PubMed:24766810). CLP1 is also a component of the pre-mRNA cleavage complex II (CF-II), which appears to be required for mRNA 3'-end formation. CLP1 also phosphorylates the 5'-terminus of exogenously introduced short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which is a necessary prerequisite for their incorporation into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). However, endogenous siRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) that are produced by the cleavage of dsRNA precursors by DICER1 already contain a 5'-phosphate group, so CLP1 may be dispensable for normal RNA-mediated gene silencing. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17495927, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18648070, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24766809, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24766810}.
CLP1 is also known as HEAB, hClp1.
