ARF1
Description
The ARF1 (ADP ribosylation factor 1) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) is a protein encoded by the ARF1 gene in humans. It belongs to the ARF gene family, which encodes small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. These proteins activate the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of cholera toxin and play a role in vesicular trafficking as activators of phospholipase D. ARF1 is localized to the Golgi apparatus and plays a central role in intra-Golgi transport. The major mechanism of action of Brefeldin A is through inhibition of ARF1. ARF1 interacts with various proteins including CHRM3, COPB1, GGA3, and PLD2.
ARF1 is a small GTPase that plays a critical role in protein trafficking between different cellular compartments. It modulates vesicle budding and uncoating within the Golgi complex, and in its GTP-bound form, it triggers the recruitment of coatomer proteins to the Golgi membrane. Hydrolysis of ARF1-bound GTP, mediated by ARFGAP proteins, is essential for the dissociation of coat proteins from Golgi membranes and vesicles. The GTP-bound form interacts with PICK1, limiting PICK1-mediated inhibition of Arp2/3 complex activity. This function is linked to AMPA receptor (AMPAR) trafficking, regulation of synaptic plasticity of excitatory synapses, and spine shrinkage during long-term depression (LTD). ARF1 also plays a key role in the regulation of intestinal stem cells and gut microbiota, and is essential for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Additionally, ARF1 plays a critical role in mast cell expansion but not in mast cell maturation by facilitating optimal mTORC1 activation.
ARF1 is also known as PVNH8.
