CD24
Description
The CD24 (CD24 molecule) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 6.
CD24, also known as cluster of differentiation 24 or heat stable antigen CD24 (HSA), is a protein encoded by the CD24 gene. It functions as a cell adhesion molecule. CD24 is a sialoglycoprotein found on the surface of most B lymphocytes and differentiating neuroblasts. It is also present on neutrophils and their precursors from the myelocyte stage onwards. The protein is anchored to the cell surface via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) link. CD24 participates in various downstream signaling networks and is essential for neural development. Cross-linking CD24 on neutrophils triggers apoptosis, which appears to be impaired in sepsis. The CD24 gene resides on chromosome 6 (6q21). Sequence alignment reveals similarities to genomic locations on chromosomes 1p36, 3p26, 15q21.3, 20q11.2, and Yq11.222. Whether transcription and translation occur at these other locations requires experimental confirmation.
CD24 plays a crucial role in the differentiation of various cell types. It can be activated through the binding of lectin-like ligands to its carbohydrate chains. This triggers signaling through the release of second messengers derived from its GPI-anchor. CD24 modulates B-cell activation, promoting their proliferation in response to antigen and preventing their terminal differentiation into antibody-producing cells. In collaboration with SIGLEC10, it may contribute to the selective suppression of immune responses to danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), such as HMGB1, HSP70, and HSP90. This suggests a role in regulating autoimmunity.
CD24 is also known as CD24A.
Associated Diseases
- Miyoshi myopathy
- cancer
- retinoblastoma
- nail-patella syndrome
- common variable immunodeficiency
- COVID-19
- breast cancer
