LY9
Description
The LY9 (lymphocyte antigen 9) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1.
LY9, also known as CD229, is a protein encoded by the LY9 gene in humans. It is a surface antigen found on T lymphocytes and has been shown to interact with the SH2D1A protein. LY9 is involved in various immune functions, including T-cell activation, differentiation, and regulation.
LY9, also known as CD229, is a self-ligand receptor belonging to the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family. It plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses by modulating the activation and differentiation of various immune cells, including T lymphocytes, NK cells, and macrophages. SLAM receptors are triggered by cell-cell interactions, either between similar cells (homotypic) or different cells (heterotypic), and their activity is controlled by the presence or absence of specific adapter proteins like SH2D1A/SAP and SH2D1B/EAT-2. LY9 is involved in adhesion reactions between T lymphocytes and accessory cells through homophilic interactions. It promotes T-cell differentiation into Th17 helper T cells, leading to increased IL-17 secretion, a process requiring the adapter protein SH2D1A. Additionally, LY9 facilitates the recruitment of RORC to the IL-17 promoter. It has also been suggested that LY9 acts as a negative regulator of immune responses, potentially contributing to the maintenance of peripheral cell tolerance. LY9 may suppress autoantibody responses and inhibit IFN-gamma secretion by CD4+ T cells, and it might negatively regulate the development of innate CD8+ T cells and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells.
LY9 is also known as CD229, SLAMF3, hly9, mLY9.
Associated Diseases
- CINCA syndrome
- Miyoshi myopathy
- type 2 diabetes mellitus
- severe combined immunodeficiency due to CARD11 deficiency
- severe combined immunodeficiency due to CTPS1 deficiency
- immunodeficiency 18
