TRIM56
Description
The TRIM56 (tripartite motif containing 56) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 7.
TRIM56 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a key role in innate antiviral immunity by mediating ubiquitination of CGAS and STING1. TRIM56 targets STING1 for 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination in response to pathogen- and host-derived double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), promoting its homodimerization and the production of type I interferon IFN-beta. It also monoubiquitinates CGAS, promoting its oligomerization and activation. TRIM56 further enhances TNFalpha-induced NF-kappa-B signaling by mediating 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of TAK1, leading to increased interaction between TAK1 and CHUK/IKKalpha. Independent of its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, TRIM56 acts as a positive regulator of TLR3 signaling. It potentiates extracellular double stranded RNA (dsRNA)-induced expression of IFNB1 and interferon-stimulated genes ISG15, IFIT1/ISG56, CXCL10, OASL and CCL5/RANTES. TRIM56 promotes the establishment of an antiviral state by TLR3 ligand and TLR3-mediated chemokine induction following infection by hepatitis C virus. Additionally, TRIM56 functions as a restriction factor of Zika virus through direct interaction with the viral RNA via its C-terminal region.
TRIM56 is also known as RNF109.
Associated Diseases
- Miyoshi myopathy
- nail-patella syndrome
- Zika virus infectious disease
- cancer
- COVID-19
- hemochromatosis type 5
- cholesterol-ester transfer protein deficiency
- 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
- hyperinsulinism due to INSR deficiency
- microcytic anemia with liver iron overload
