DXO
Description
The DXO (decapping exoribonuclease) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 6.
DXO may refer to:
DXO is a decapping enzyme that specifically removes the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) cap from a subset of RNAs, including some RNAs and snoRNAs. This enzyme is involved in mRNA decay and preferentially acts on NAD-capped transcripts in response to environmental stress. It also acts as a non-canonical decapping enzyme that removes the entire cap structure of m7G capped or incompletely capped RNAs, mediating their subsequent degradation. DXO specifically degrades pre-mRNAs with a defective 5'-end m7G cap and is part of a pre-mRNA capping quality control mechanism. It has decapping activity towards incomplete 5'-end m7G cap mRNAs, including unmethylated 5'-end-capped RNA (cap0), but no activity toward 2'-O-ribose methylated m7G cap (cap1). Unlike canonical decapping enzymes DCP2 and NUDT16, which cleave the cap within the triphosphate linkage, DXO releases the entire cap structure GpppN and a 5'-end monophosphate RNA. It also has 5'-3' exoribonuclease activities, degrading the 5'-end monophosphate RNA and enabling it to decap and degrade incompletely capped mRNAs. Additionally, DXO possesses RNA 5'-pyrophosphohydrolase activity, hydrolyzing the 5'-end triphosphate to release pyrophosphates. It exhibits decapping activity towards FAD-capped RNAs and dpCoA-capped RNAs in vitro.
DXO is also known as DOM3L, DOM3Z, NG6, RAI1.
