GNA12
Description
The GNA12 (G protein subunit alpha 12) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 7.
The GNA12 gene encodes the G12 G protein alpha subunit, which, along with GNA13, is one of four classes of heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits. Heterotrimeric G proteins are involved in transmitting signals from cell surface G protein-coupled receptors to intracellular signaling pathways, modulating cellular functions. The active GTP-bound G12 alpha subunit activates ARHGEF1, ARHGEF11, and ARHGEF12, which in turn regulate the actin cytoskeleton.
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. GNA12 activates the effector molecule RhoA by binding and activating RhoGEFs (ARHGEF12/LARG). GNA12-dependent Rho signaling subsequently regulates transcription factor AP-1 (activating protein-1) and protein phosphatase 2A activation, causing dephosphorylation of its target proteins. GNA12 promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis by activating the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway and up-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine production. It also inhibits CDH1-mediated cell adhesion independently of Rho activation and, together with NAPA, promotes CDH5 localization to the plasma membrane. GNA12 may play a role in the control of cell migration through the TOR signaling cascade.
GNA12 is also known as HG1M1, NNX3, RMP, gep.
