POLR3E
Description
The POLR3E (RNA polymerase III subunit E) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 16.
DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLR3E gene.
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. A specific component of RNA polymerase III (Pol III), it synthesizes small non-coding RNAs including 5S rRNA, snRNAs, tRNAs and miRNAs from at least 500 distinct genomic loci. It assembles with POLR3D/RPC4 forming a subcomplex that binds the Pol III core. It enables recruitment of Pol III at transcription initiation site and drives transcription initiation from both type 2 and type 3 DNA promoters. It is required for efficient transcription termination and reinitiation. It plays a key role in sensing and limiting infection by intracellular bacteria and DNA viruses. It acts as a nuclear and cytosolic DNA sensor involved in innate immune response. It can sense non-self dsDNA that serves as template for transcription into dsRNA. The non-self RNA polymerase III transcripts, such as Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs) induce type I interferon and NF-kappa-B through the RIG-I pathway.
POLR3E is also known as C37, RPC5, SIN.
