PPP1R15A
Description
The PPP1R15A (protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15A) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 19.
PPP1R15A, also known as GADD34 or MyD116, is a protein encoded by the PPP1R15A gene in humans. It was initially identified as a gene involved in cell growth suppression and later linked to ER stress-induced cell death. PPP1R15A is upregulated in response to stress, DNA damage, and ionizing radiation. Its protein response is correlated with apoptosis following ionizing radiation.
PPP1R15A interacts with the serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PPP1CA to prevent excessive phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor EIF2S1. This action reverses the shut-off of protein synthesis caused by stress-inducible kinases, helping cells recover from stress. PPP1R15A also downregulates the TGF-beta signaling pathway by promoting the dephosphorylation of TGFB1 by PP1. Additionally, it may promote apoptosis by inducing p53/TP53 phosphorylation on Ser-15. It plays a crucial role in autophagy by adjusting translation during starvation, supporting lysosomal biogenesis and a sustained autophagic flux. Furthermore, it acts as a viral restriction factor, attenuating HIV-1 replication by inhibiting HIV-1 TAR RNA-mediated translation.
PPP1R15A is also known as GADD34.
Associated Diseases
- COVID-19
- hemoglobin E-beta-thalassemia syndrome
- hemoglobin D disease
- beta-thalassemia-X-linked thrombocytopenia syndrome
- alpha thalassemia-intellectual disability syndrome type 1
- dominant beta-thalassemia
- hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin-sickle cell disease syndrome
- hemoglobin C-beta-thalassemia syndrome
- IRIDA syndrome
